It is believed the United Academy product's new contract is worth around the £35,000 a week mark.
Taylor said: "I am thrilled to have signed this new contract.
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"Newcastle United is my hometown club and the only team I've ever wanted to play for.
"I can't wait to get back into pre-season training next week and get stuck into the Premier League campaign next month."
The 22-year-old England Under-21 captain finally put pen to paper after 12 months of negotiations following the intervention of club owner Mike Ashley.
Toon manager Kevin Keegan was desperate to retain the services of the defender.
He will now hope for similar success with star striker Michael Owen who, like Taylor, had a year remaining on his existing contract.
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